For many years, the prevailing view was that a person with a high IQ (IQ) is the one who has the most intelligence and is also the most successful and possibly also happy. A fact that is refuted, because it is experimentally proven that being happy is not judged by one's logical-mathematical way of thinking (IQ). This view is refuted by the Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
The theory of multiple intelligences is an interesting and much-discussed topic in psychology and education. Every person has talents, abilities and of course their individuality and this is achieved based on the theory of multiple intelligences where everyone can develop personal characteristics and skills.
The theory was developed by Howard Gardner in 1983 and proposes that intelligence is not a one-sided ability, but consists of several distinct forms. According to Gardner, there are at least 9 different types of intelligence, all equally important, which work together and coexist with each other, thus creating a different "intelligence distribution map", which is what makes us so different from each other.
The types of intelligence are as follows:
Linguistic Intelligence: The ability to use language to express thoughts and feelings and to understand others. Lawyers, philologists, orators, and politicians, poets, and writers possess it to the highest degree.
Logical-mathematical Intelligence: Ability to think logically, solve problems and understand abstract concepts. Examples of people with high logical-mathematical intelligence are: Einstein and Newton.
Spatial Intelligence: Ability to perceive and represent the spatial world. They are people who have very good orientation and adapt to changes in their surroundings. They are visual types with artistic tendencies. Such people are Picasso, Tarantino
Musical Intelligence: Ability to understand and create music. People with this type of intelligence are people like Mozart, Beethoven
Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence: Ability to use the body to express ideas and feelings or to solve problems. In this category are dancers, athletes, who may not have been good students as children but excelled in sports.
Interpersonal Intelligence: Ability to understand and interact with other people. They are people with leadership skills. A good salesperson has this intelligence developed. The teacher who manages to pass on knowledge to children.
Intrapersonal Intelligence: Ability to understand ourselves, our emotions and our motivations. These are introverted individuals with the ability to "know oneself".
Naturalistic Intelligence: Ability to understand and interact with the natural world. They are people who like to be in nature, they are nature lovers. People with this type of intelligence can become very good cooks, bring changes to the natural environment. A typical example is Charles Darwin, Cousteau.
Existential intelligence: It is a type of intelligence associated with the ability to understand deep questions and concerns about life, existence, death, and the meaning of the world. This intelligence is commonly evident in philosophers, religious leaders, spiritual teachers, and others who engage in deep thought and reflection on the nature of life and existence.
Therefore, each person, based on their personal intelligence map, is differentiated from each other. This differentiation does not carry the label of more or less "smart" or "successful" but simply different and special. It would be beneficial to develop such qualities that are closer to our personal intelligence map that will make us happier and fuller as idiosyncrasies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (2005, May). Multiple lenses on the mind. In Expo Management Conference, Bogota Colombia (Vol. 252).
Clinchy, BM (1984). Book Review: Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
